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27 ;" " 17 y;" for the next question " 17 x;"SPACE"; 16 x;"ENTER"; 10 y;" to rerun thisprogramme" 10 y;" to goto BASIC" 10 y;" to auto-load programme "; 10 x;"Undefined key please re-select" 10 x;"Press y to return to BASIC"''"Press any other key to abort" 10 x;"Press r then ENTER"; 10 x;"Press n then ENTER"; 10 x;"Press b then ENTER"; 10 x;" Press any key to continue "; 10 k$=k$+i$(n) 10 f$="End of "+h$: 10 f$=" STOP THE TAPE ": 10 f$=" START THE TAPE ": 10 ;"THIS PROGRAMME" 10 ;"RETURNING TO BASIC DESTROYS"; 10 ;"Please leave tape running" 9 y;" please try again " 9 y;" Please try again" 9 y;" " 9 x;"Undefined key?"; 9 x;"Undefined Key ?"; 9 x;"Please select your answer"; 9 f$="CORRECT": 9 e;"e) ";e$ 9 d;"d) ";d$ 9 c;"c) ";c$ 9 b;"b) ";b$ 9 a;"a) ";a$ 9 ;"Programme Content" 9 ;"AND TESTS": 9 CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE" 8 y;" to rerun this question" 8 y;" for answer explanation" 8 x;"Wrong-Correct answer is ";w$;" ";: 8 x;"Answer explanation follows";: 8 ques,a$,b$,c$,d$,e$,w$,s 8 ;" BIOLOGY EXAMINATION PRACTICE"; 4 ;" Programme Index and Content" 3 CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE 2 ;"oxygenated"; 2 ;"digits (phalanges)"; 2 ;"[";s(k);" marks]" 2 "the diploid number","half the diploid number","twice the diploid number","quarter the diploid number","four times the diploid number" 2 "The characteristics of living things are:" 2 "NOTE: Pulmonary artery carries de-oxygenated blood to lungs." 1 y;" " 1 x;"Wrong-Correct answer is ";w$(k);" ";: 1 x;"Time allowed - 1hr 30min." 1 x;"Press y for yes"''"Any other key for no." 1 x;"OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS": 1 x;"OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS CONTINUED": 1 x;"INSTRUCTIONS" 1 x;"Answer all questions" 1 water vapourE 1 tests N7 1 section 8 1 section 7 1 section 6 ?/ 1 section 5 1 section 4 u$ 1 section 3F 1 section 3 1 section 2F 1 section 2 k2 1 section 1 X- 1 sclerosisW 1 peristalsisE 1 mark=mark+s(k) 1 intestines 1 inert gasesW 1 homeostasisB 1 hind limbs 1 head and neck 1 f$="Why is a fish unable to survive in air?": 1 f$="Which vitamins are stored in theliver?": 1 f$="Which hormone is produced by themedulla of the adrenal bodies?": 1 f$="What removes nitrogen from the soil?": 1 f$="Name the types of joint": 1 f$="Name the bones in the fore limb of a vertebrate": 1 f$="INSTRUCTIONS": 1 f$="How does the young frog obtain oxygen after leaving the water?": 1 f$="How are sound vibrations transmitted in the ear?": 1 f$="Give a definition of a symbiont": 1 f$="Give a definition of a saprophyte": 1 f$="Define Holozoic and Holophytic nutrition": 1 f$=" BIOLOGY " 1 carbon dioxideC 1 biology " 1 and some of the salts arere-absorbed into the capillariessurrounding the 1 all of themW 1 a$,b$,c$,d$,e$ 1 UDGC.A 1 UDGC.9 1 UDGC.8 1 UDGC.7 1 UDGC.6 1 UDGC.5 1 UDGC.4 1 UDGC.3 1 UDGC.2 1 UDGC.1 1 Section 3L 1 Section 2L 1 Section 1L 1 OH(aq)+2CO 1 O(l)+energy" 1 M.G. Fincher 1 M. G. Fincher 1 ;"ulna "; 1 ;"tarsals (3 rows)"; 1 ;"section 6""": 1 ;"radius"; 1 ;"part(ii)": 1 ;"part(i)": 1 ;"part (ii) ";w$(n+1 1 ;"part (i) ";w$(n),"Q";q; 1 ;"metatarsals"; 1 ;"metacarpals"; 1 ;"humerus"; 1 ;"fibula"; 1 ;"carpals (3 rows)"; 1 ;"You obtained ";mark;" %" 1 ;"Urinary System"; 1 ;"Tropisms"; 1 ;"Transpiration"; 1 ;"Transmission of Disease": 1 ;"The Skin"; 1 ;"The Liver": 1 ;"The Eye The Ear"; 1 ;"The Cell Mitosis"' 1 ;"TYPICAL PENTADACTYL HIND LIMB" 1 ;"TYPICAL PENTADACTYL FORE LIMB" 1 ;"Structure of a Flower"; 1 ;"Skeleton Muscle"; 1 ;"Serum and Vaccine"; 1 ;"SPHERE SOFTWARE"; 1 ;"Root and Stem of a Plant"; 1 ;"Reproduction Life Cycle of Frog"; 1 ;"Reflex Action"; 1 ;"Publishers of": 1 ;"Pollination"; 1 ;"Photosynthesis": 1 ;"Nitrogen Cycle"; 1 ;"MOCK EXAMINATION" 1 ;"INSTRUCTIONS CONTINUED" 1 ;"Hormones": 1 ;"Germination"; 1 ;"Fruits": 1 ;"Forms of Nutrition"; 1 ;"Food Chains"; 1 ;"Excretion From Lungs"; 1 ;"Enzymes"; 1 ;"EXAMINATION PRACTICE"; 1 ;"Digestion in Man"; 1 ;"Characteristics of Living Things"' 1 ;"Central Nervous System"; 1 ;"CELTIC REVISION AIDS" 1 ;"Body Temperature": 1 ;"Blood Circulation"; 1 ;"Bacteria and Viruses"; 1 ;"Arteries and Veins"; 1 ;"Animals and Plants"' 1 ;"Amoeba Spirogyra"' 1 ;"Air Respiration"; 1 ;"ANSWERS": 1 ;"AND TESTS"; 1 ;"AND TESTS" 1 ;"A Software product from the": 1 ;"20 sample test questions": 1 ;"""tests""": 1 ;"""section 8""": 1 ;"""section 7""": 1 ;"""section 5""": 1 ;"""section 4""": 1 ;"""section 3""": 1 ;"""section 2""": 1 ;"""section 1""": 1 ;" BIOLOGY EXAMINATION PRACTICE" 1 ;" BIOLOGY 1 ;" At the beginning of SIDE TWO": 1 ;" At the beginning of SIDE ONE.": 1 2 and 3 onlyE 1 1 and 2 onlyD 1 ,"water flowing over the surface of the Amoeba","oxygen diffusing through cell membrane into the protoplasm","the absorption of water","oxygen passing into the contractile vacuole","oxygen being taken into the food vacuole","b",5530 1 ,"vertebra","joint","ligament","capsule","girdle","b",3030 1 ,"trypsin","tropism","turgidity","transpiration","translocation","b",3030 1 ,"the lungs","the nasal passage","the thorax","the liver","the kidneys","a",3030 1 ,"the iris","the retina","the cornea","the choroid layer","the ciliary body","b",3030 1 ,"serum","sebum","secretin","sperm","sputum","a",6530 1 ,"poikilothermic","homoiothermic","hypothermia","haemophiliac","polymorphism","b",5530 1 ,"pituitary body","thyroid gland","adrenal bodies","spleen","pancreas","c",6530 1 ,"oxygen","carbon dioxide","nitrogen","water vapour","inert gases","b",2530 1 ,"ovum and spermatazoon","ovule and spore","erythrocyte and genotype","oestrone and progesterone","oogenesis and zygospore","a",4530 1 ,"ovule","stigma","zygote","corolla","ovary","b",4530 1 ,"osmosis","transpiration","diffusion","capillarity","translocation","b",5030 1 ,"osmosis","conjugation","photosynthesis","diffusion","absorption","c",6530 1 ,"mouth","stomach","duodenum","ileum (small intestine)","large intestine","d",4030 1 ,"mouth","stomach","duodenum","ileum (small intestine)","large intestine","c",3530 1 ,"mouth","stomach","duodenum","ileum (small intestine)","large intestine","b",3030 1 ,"malaria","sleeping sickness","bubonic plague","elephantiasis","bilharzia","a",7030 1 ,"homeostasis","osmosis","dialysis","peristalsis","sclerosis","a",6530 1 ,"holozoic","holophytic","parasitic","saprophytic","symbiotic","c",4530 1 ,"forming pseudopodia","moving its cilia","varying its pressure sac","moving its fins","contraction of the contractile vacuole","a",5030 1 ,"ecology","a food chain","the nitrogen cycle","monoculture","crop rotation","b",5530 1 ,"diffuses through the moist scales of the fish","flows over the gills","flows down the tracheae","passes through the lenticels","enters the spiracles","b",4030 1 ,"dialysis","double circulation","endocrinal","pulmonary circulation","plasmolysis","b",5030 1 ,"dermis and epidermis","cortex and medulla","cell wall and cytoplasm","white matter and grey matter","dendrite and axon","a",4530 1 ,"de-nitrifying","nitrogen fixation","putrefaction","neutralization","deamination","b",3030 1 ,"conjugation","binary fission","budding","hatching","spawning","b",6030 1 ,"cell","photon","molecule","chloroplast","vacuole","a",3030 1 ,"carbon dioxide","oxygen","sweat","mineral salts","water","a",2530 1 ,"bud","zygote","fruit","gamete","cotyledon","c",5030 1 ,"adjacent vertebrae are fused","vertebrae are separated by pads of cartilage and bound by ligaments","vertebrae form a series of hinge joints","each vertebra can pivot on the adjacent ones","each vertebra can slide over the adjacent ones","b",3530 1 ,"a perennial","a biannual","an annual","a clone","a biennial","a",6030 1 ,"a hormone","an enzyme","a salt","a sugar","keratin","b",2530 1 ,"a drupe","a berry","a pome","an achene","a legume","b",5530 1 ,"Very small organisms","Each has a cell wall enclosing the cytoplasm and nucleus","May respire aerobically or anaerobically","Always pathogenic and cause disease","Reproduce by dividing into two","d",6030 1 ,"The iris","The retina","The cornea","The choroid layer","The ciliary body","a",2530 1 ,"The embryo is sheltered in the mother's body","The food supply of the young offspring is assured","The young mammal is not dependent on its mother for food" 1 ,"Moisture is needed","Oxygen is needed","Warmth is needed","Cotyledons are food stores","Cotyledons always grow above ground","e",2530 1 ,"It often prevents the body suffering damage","It occurs without the knowledge of the brain","It involves detector and effector organs","It is involuntary","Impulse moves slowly in sensory and motor neurones","e",6030 1 ,"Found in blood vessels","Has striations","Found in gut wall","Controlled by autonomic nervous system","Contracts more slowly than voluntary muscle","b",4530 1 ,"Calyx","Leaf","Corolla","Stamens","Carpels","b",3530 1 ,"Bowman's capsule","glomerulus","pelvis","cortex","medulla","b",3530 1 ,"2, 3, 1, 5 then 4","2, 1, 5, 4 then 3","1, 5, 2, 4 then 3","4, 3, 1, 5 then 2","1, 2, 3, 4 then 5","b",5540 1 ,"2, 1, 3, then 4","3, 2, 4, then 1","4, 3, 1, then 2","2, 1, 4, then 3","1, 2, 3, then 4","b",4040 1 ,"2 only","1 and 2 only","3 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 ","e",3540 1 ,"2 and 6 only","2, 3 and 6 only","1, 4 and 7 only","2, 3, 5 and 6 only","2, 3, 5, 6 and 7 only","d",4040 1 ,"2 and 6 only","1, 3 and 4 only","2, 6 and 7 only","2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only","1, 3, 4, 5 and 7 only","e",3540 1 ,"1, 5 and 7 only","2, 3 and 4 only","1, 5 and 6 only","2, 3, 4 and 6 only","1, 3, 4 and 7 only","d",2540 1 ,"1, 3, 5 and 7 only","2, 4 and 6 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","4, 5, 6 and 7 only","all of them","e",6040 1 ,"1, 2, 3 and 9 only","2, 3, 4 and 5 only","2, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 only","1, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9 only","all of them","d",4040 1 ,"1, 2 and 8 only","3, 5 and 7 only","3, 5 and 8 only","1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 only","1, 3, 5 and 7 only","d",5540 1 ,"1, 2 and 4 only","1, 2 and 3 only","1, 2, 4 and 6 only","1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 only","1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 only","d",5040 1 ,"1, 2 and 3 only","2, 4 and 5 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","1, 2, 4 and 5 only","all of them","d",4040 1 ,"1, 2 and 3 only","2, 3 and 4 only","1, 3, 5, 6 and 7 only","2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 only","all of them","e",4540 1 ,"1 only","2 only","1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","all of them","e",7040 1 ,"1 only","1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","e",7040 1 ,"1 only","1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","e",3040 1 ,"1 only","1 and 2 only","1, 2 and 3 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","all of them","e",5550 1 ,"1 and 4 only","2 and 3 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","1, 4, 5 and 6 only","all of them","e",2540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","4 and 5 only","1, 2 and 4 only","1, 2, 4 and 5 only","1, 2, 3 and 6 only","d",4040 1 ,"1 and 2 only","3 and 6 only","3, 4 and 5 only","1, 2, 3 and 6 only","1, 2, 4 and 5 only","e",4540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","3 and 5 only","1, 2 and 4 only","1, 2, 4 and 6 only","1, 2, 4 and 5 only","d",4040 1 ,"1 and 2 only","3 and 4 only","1, 3 and 5 only","2, 4 and 6 only","all of them","e",5040 1 ,"1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1, 3 and 6 only","2, 4 and 5 only","1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only","c",3540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1 and 3 only","3 and 4 only","all of them","e",4540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2, and 3 only","all of them","e",6540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","e",2540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them","c",5540 1 ,"1 and 2 only","1 and 3 only","2, 3 and 4 only","1, 3 and 4 only","all of them","d",3530 1 ,"1 and 2 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","all of them","e",6040 1 ,"1 and 2 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","all of them","b",5040 1 (g)+energy" 1 '''," sunlight"'"6CO 1 '''"The glucose is stored as starch." 1 '''"THE BRAIN:"'"Grey cell bodies are near the outside and fibres from them runinternally to other parts of theCentral Nervous System."''"The central part of the brain looks white." 1 ''"The stomach muscles churn the contents and mix in digestive juices. It is a bag-like structure which enables food to be retained for the digestion ofprotein." 1 ''"The stomach contains 0.5% hydrochloric acid which kills bacteria and provides an acid medium for pepsin and stops the action of ptyalin." 1 ''"The beginning of a food chain consists of green plants - the producers."''"A first order consumer eats vegetation."''"A second order consumer eats animals that feed on the vegetation." 1 ''"TELOPHASE: Chromatids collect at opposite ends of the spindle and replicate themselves. One ormore nucleoli re-appear, and a nuclear membrane forms around each group of daughter cells." 1 ''"Sebum keeps the skin supple and contains acids that prevent the multiplication of harmful bacteria." 1 ''"SAPROPHYTIC NUTRITION:"''"Fairly complex compounds are absorbed into the plant directlyor partly digested outside firstas with fungi on humus." 1 ''"PROPHASE: Chromosomes shorten and thicken. Nuclear membrane dissolves. Chromosomes composed of a pair of chromatids." 1 ''"PARASITIC NUTRITION:"''"Examples are dodder parasitic onthe nettle (external parasite), and tapeworm in man (internal parasite)." 1 ''"Oxygen diffuses through the thinwalls of the alveoli into the deoxygenated blood. Waste carbondioxide diffuses out of the blood." 1 ''"METAPHASE: Centrioles in animal cells move apart and spindle fibres form. Chromatids attachedto equatorial region of the spindle by the centromere." 1 ''"It ensures that the body temperature and the equilibrium between the intercellular fluid and the blood stream do not fluctuate outside certain limits." 1 ''"In unfavourable conditions the nucleus splits into several portions and spores are formed."'''"In favourable conditions, each spore becomes a new Amoeba: a process called encystment." 1 ''"HYPOGEAL GERMINATION"''"Cotyledons remain underground during germination e.g. broad bean." 1 ''"HOLOPHYTIC NUTRITION:"''"Simple compounds like carbon dioxide, water and salts are absorbed and built up into complex substances as in plants." 1 ''"Each lung is enclosed by two pleurae (thin, transparent, elastic membranes)." 1 ''"Cytoplasm between the nuclei constricts and the two daughter cells separate." 1 ''"Bronchioles from the alveoli unite to become the bronchus which leads to the trachea." 1 ''"Anaerobic respiration"''"C 1 ''"A vaccine is a preparation of anantigen from a disease-causing organism which is rendered harmless." 1 ''"A joint is enclosed in a capsular ligament which holds the bones together." 1 ''"A hormone is a chemical producedby an endocrine gland and released into the circulatory system. They control the rate ofbodily activities e.g. thyroxinesecreted by the thyroid gland controls growth and development in young animals." 1 '"Within the structure of the placenta an exchange of food anddissolved oxygen diffuse from the mother's blood into that of the embryo, and waste products from the embryo to the mother." 1 '"White cells e.g. polymorphs, migrate to engulf and seal off infection, a process called phagocytosis. Lymphocytes produce antibodies to combat infection from bacteria or viruses." 1 '"When introduced into a patient it stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the disease." 1 '"WOODY DECIDUOUS PLANTS shed leaves to reduce water loss and form dormant buds, e.g. oak." 1 '"WIND-POLLINATED FLOWERS may haveno petals, scent or nectar. Theyhave feathery stigmas, large quantities of light pollen or stamens that have long thin filaments." 1 '"Viruses are smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce inside living cells."''"They contain DNA or RNA."''"A virus is specific to host and tissue." 1 '"Villi grow from the embryo into the lining and develop into the placenta." 1 '"Vibrations set up in the fluids (perilymph and endolymph) of theinner ear are transmitted to a membrane in the cochlea and thento the brain via the auditory nerve where the sound is heard." 1 '"Veins:"''"Carry de-oxygenated blood to theheart."''"Have thin, practically non-elastic walls."''"Blood flows smoothly, not under pressure."''"Have semi-lunar valves."''"Often near the surface of body." 1 '"Two male gametes pass into the ovule and fuse with the ovule nuclei to form the zygote and endosperm of the seed." 1 '"Tubules join together and open into the pelvis of the kidney. This is a space where the ureterleaves the kidney." 1 '"Tropism may be due to the production of auxins or plant hormones which affect the rate of growth." 1 '"Transpiration is affected by theturgidity of the plant, light, humidity, temperature and the movement of air." 1 '"Transmission can be prevented bythe control of sewage, cooking meat well, thorough food inspection and hygienic pig farming." 1 '"To move: plasmasol flows forwardforming pseudopodia, others withdrawn." 1 '"This quickens the heart beat anddiverts blood from the alimentary canal and the skin tothe muscles." 1 '"This liquid, urine, contains waste products, e.g. urea, excess salts and uric acid." 1 '"This contains the enzymes:"'"Peptidase (which changes peptides to amino acids)."'"Lipase(which changes fats to fatty acids and glycerol)."'"Maltase (which changes maltose to glucose)." 1 '"These animals are poikilothermicand have a body temperature approximately the same as that of their surroundings (e.g. fishand reptiles)." 1 '"The zygospore germinates to forma pro-mycelium which produces sporangia which produce haploid spores by meiosis. When these spores germinate the life cycle has been completed. Mucor is a haploid generation." 1 '"The whole process takes place very quickly." 1 '"The wall is well supplied with blood vessels ensuring a rich supply of oxygen for the stomachto perform its functions. Mucus is also secreted to prevent the wall being digested by the acid." 1 '"The vibrations are magnified because of the leverage of the bones and because the oval window is smaller than the ear drum." 1 '"The urethra is the tube leading from the bladder to the exterior." 1 '"The ureter is a narrow tube fromeach kidney leading to the bladder." 1 '"The stomach churns the contents and mixes in the digestive juices." 1 '"The spinal cord is concerned with spinal reflex actions and with the conduction of nervous impulses to and from the brain." 1 '"The skin excretes salt in sweat." 1 '"The root hairs provide a large surface area over which osmosis can occur and enables water to be drawn from a large area of soil." 1 '"The right and left sides of the heart do not communicate." 1 '"The protoplasm forms organelles which carry out specific functions." 1 '"The proteins are present as a colloidal suspension in water which can change from a semi-solid (gel) to a liquid (sol) and back." 1 '"The muscular action of the mouthand operculum does not function in air. Also the filaments sticktogether because of the surface tension of the film of water covering them and this reduces the surface exposed to the air." 1 '"The movement of the mouth and the operculum draw a stream of water over the gills and out through the operculum." 1 '"The medulla is the lighter innerregion." 1 '"The lymphatic system consists of"''"Lymphatic vessels."'"Lymphatic glands."'"Thoracic duct."'"Right lymphatic duct." 1 '"The liver makes many of the proteins found in blood plasma, e.g. fibrinogen important in blood clotting." 1 '"The liver is also important in the utilization of body fat and detoxification of substances such as hormones and drugs." 1 '"The kidneys excrete urea and mineral salts." 1 '"The iris is the front part of the vascular coat. Contraction of circular muscles in the iris reduces the size of the pupil and lessens the amount of light entering the eye." 1 '"The inner zone, the medulla, is stimulated by the nervous systemto produce adrenalin." 1 '"The image is real, inverted and diminished but the brain interprets it." 1 '"The granular layer of living cells which gives way to the cornified layer, the tough, outer, protective layer." 1 '"The filtrate contains glucose, amino acids, salts and nitrogenous wastes dissolved in water. (Similar to blood plasma without proteins)." 1 '"The fertilised egg undergoes rapid cell division as it passesalong the oviduct and then embeds itself in the uterine lining." 1 '"The female gamete is produced inthe ovary and drawn into the Fallopian tube. The gamete is fertilised in the Fallopian tubeand travels to the uterus." 1 '"The exit of the stomach is controlled by the pyloric sphincter." 1 '"The discs of cartilage act as shock absorbers." 1 '"The dermis consists of a thickerlayer of connective tissue with elastic fibres, blood capillaries, nerve endings, lymphatics, sweat glands and hair follicles." 1 '"The death and decay of plants and animals."''"Nitrogen fixing bacteria in the soil or in the roots of leguminous plants."''"Man made fertilizers."''"Sewage."''"Lightning which oxidises nitrogen in the air." 1 '"The curved surfaces of the cornea, lens and humours refractthe light from an external object so that an image is formed on the retina." 1 '"The cortex is the darker, outer region of the kidney." 1 '"The cerebellum co-ordinates balancing organs and muscles."''"The medulla oblongata controls involuntary actions: heart-beat,blood vessels, breathing." 1 '"The cellulose wall is lined withcytoplasm in which lie one or more spiral chloroplasts. These chloroplasts contain chlorophyllenabling Spirogyra to feed by photosynthesis." 1 '"The brain is protected in a skull, the lungs and heart are protected by the rib cage." 1 '"The bladder is a muscular sac which holds urine." 1 '"The adrenal glands lie just above the kidneys."''"The outer layer, the cortex, secretes cortisone which accelerates the conversion of proteins to glucose." 1 '"Systole is the phase when the heart muscle contracts and bloodis forced into the arteries." 1 '"Spinal nerves emerge from between the vertebrae and pass to all parts of the body." 1 '"Some organs are suspended from the skeleton in the body cavity so that they do not crush each other." 1 '"Some bacteria live in the gut ofman where some are beneficial producing vitamins B 1 '"Sleeping sickness is transmittedby the tsetse fly." 1 '"Sensory fibres enter the spinal cord via a dorsal root. In the grey matter, impulses pass from a sensory fibre to a relay or association neurone across a synapse." 1 '"SYMBIOTIC NUTRITION:"''"Two organisms living together invery close partnership, both benefit as with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in roots of legumes." 1 '"SEXUALLY: In conjugation, branches put out by two haploid hyphae in contact fuse. Tips contain several nuclei and cut off. Nuclei fuse and a diploid zygospore is formed." 1 '"Roots are positively geotropic." 1 '"Rods are very sensitive and function in dim light. Cones detect colour but cannot operatein dim light. Both are connectedto the optic nerve which transmits impulses to the brain." 1 '"Respiration."''"Nutrition and assimilation."''"Excretion."''"Reproduction."''"Sensitivity or irritability."''"Movement." 1 '"Reproduction:"''"ASEXUAL: Mucor forms sporangia at the end of hyphae." 1 '"Reproduction may be vegetative reproduction (fragmentation) or sexual reproduction (conjugation)." 1 '"Renal veins carry blood from thekidneys where some water, salts and urea have been eliminated." 1 '"Pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to heart." 1 '"Protoplasm consists of cytoplasmand nucleus. Cytoplasm is a semi-fluid jelly and contains the endoplasmic reticulum and also a number of organelles, e.g. mitochondria and ribosomes." 1 '"Plain muscles line the walls of many internal organs and producecontinuous waves of contractionse.g. peristalsis." 1 '"Phloem and xylem are separate, cambium develops later." 1 '"POME Fruit surrounded by juicy receptacle. Many seeds in core e.g. apple." 1 '"Oxygen dissolved in the water passes into the blood in the gill filaments." 1 '"Oxygen continues to be obtained by dissolved oxygen passing through the internal gills and skin." 1 '"On the outside is white matter consisting of nerve fibres lyingup and down the cord." 1 '"OXYGENATED BLOOD from the lungs collects in the left auricle. Left auricle contracts, blood passes through bicuspid valve into the left ventricle." 1 '"OUTER EAR is a tube opening on the side of the head and leadingto the middle ear."'"It is separated from the middle ear by a membrane, the ear drum." 1 '"Nitrogen and its compounds are removed from the soil by:"''"Plants which are harvested."''"Denitrifying bacteria acting on nitrates." 1 '"Nerve cells are grouped in a grey H-shaped region in the centre of the cord." 1 '"Mucor feeds by secreting enzymeswhich digest the substrate. The digested food passes through thehyphal walls." 1 '"Most absorption of the digested food occurs in the ileum." 1 '"Mechanical tissue is present and the cuticle layer which surrounds the stem is imperviousto water." 1 '"Many bones act as levers and muscles pull on these levers to cause movement e.g. chewing." 1 '"Mammals and birds are homoiothermic." 1 '"MIDDLE EAR is an air-filled cavity containing three small bones or ossicles. These link the ear drum to an opening in the skull, the oval window, which leads to the inner ear." 1 '"Lymphatic vessels are a network of blindly-ending capillaries which permeate most tissues. Lymph drains from tissue spaces into these vessels and passes back to the blood." 1 '"Loam: Is a mixture of sandy and clay soil which is rich in humus. This humus holds plenty of water without becoming waterlogged." 1 '"Loam is the best type of soil for plant growth." 1 '"Large numbers of offspring are needed because when the embryos are excreted by the host, they need to be eaten by a secondary host which gives direct access to the primary host." 1 '"Large molecules, e.g. fibrinogenand proteins, remain in the blood in the capillaries." 1 '"LEGUME Dehiscent, many seeded. One carpel splits along two edges, e.g. lupin." 1 '"It has also gradually changed toa carniverous diet." 1 '"It consists of water in which many substances are dissolved: including proteins,fats, carbohydrates and mineral salts." 1 '"It also makes the pupils dilate,speeds up the rate of breathing and accelerates the rate of oxidation of carbohydrates." 1 '"In contact with food, Amoeba surrounds it with pseudopodia forming a food vacuole. Enzymes are secreted into the vacuole tobreak down the food. Digested food passes into the protoplasm and pseudopodia withdraw." 1 '"Impulses pass along a nerve to a muscle and the hand is withdrawn." 1 '"Impulses pass across the synapseto motor fibres which leave the spinal cord through a ventral root." 1 '"If blood is too dilute, less water is re-absorbed. If blood is too concentrated, as after sweating, more water is re-absorbed. This is regulated in the hypothalamus at the base of the pituitary gland which secretes ADH(anti-diuretic hormone)." 1 '"INNER EAR is filled with fluid and contains a coiled tube, the cochlea, with sensory endings in it." 1 '"Humus: Organic matter formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter in the soil." 1 '"Hepatic portal vein carries blood rich in glucose and amino acids from the alimentary canal to the liver." 1 '"Heat or pain receptors in the skin set off impulses which travel along sensory fibres in anerve in the arm." 1 '"Heat is produced at places of activity in the body. It is distributed evenly throughout the body by blood." 1 '"HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS persist inthe form of an underground food store, e.g. dahlia." 1 '"Gynaecium - the collective name for the carpel (carpel is made up of stigma, style and ovary)." 1 '"Growing shoots are positively phototropic, growing towards light." 1 '"Growing shoots are negatively geotropic, growing away from gravity." 1 '"Food made in the leaves is carried in the phloem of the leaf into the stem by translocation." 1 '"Female reproductive organs are: ovary, Fallopian tubes, uterus." 1 '"Excretory materials from the tissues to the kidneys."''"Digested food from the ileum through the liver to the tissuesfor assimilation."''"Hormones from the endocrine glands to organs they affect." 1 '"Excess amino acids are not stored in the body. The nitrogenin the amino group -NH 1 '"Evaporation of water from a leafsets up a transpiration stream. This carries mineral salts from the root to the leaves. It also cools the plant." 1 '"Elephantiasis is caused by a filarial worm." 1 '"EVERGREENS have leaves with a waterproof epidermis, e.g. yew." 1 '"Corolla - the petals." 1 '"Contraction of radial muscles widens the pupil and more light enters." 1 '"Contraction of the atria (auricles) precedes that of the ventricles by a fraction of a second." 1 '"Cones or pyramids of kidney tissue project into the pelvis." 1 '"Cold blooded animals become sluggish in cold temperatures and active when the temperature rises." 1 '"Chemical reactions in the liver produce much heat which the circulatory system distributes." 1 '"Carbon dioxide is removed from the air by photosynthesis." 1 '"Carbon dioxide is added to the air by respiration (shown by blowing into lime water through a straw), by the putrefaction of organic matter, the combustion of organic compounds and by acidic rain on limestonesand corals." 1 '"Capillaries in the placenta are connected to an artery and vein in the umbilical cord to the embryo's abdomen." 1 '"Calyx - the outer whorl of sepals (usually green)." 1 '"Bubonic plague is transmitted by fleas." 1 '"Bilharzia or Schistosomiasis is caused by a blood fluke bilharziasis." 1 '"Bile is produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder and discharged through the bile ductinto the duodenum." 1 '"BIENNIAL PLANTS do not flower in the first year but develop storage organs for food for nextyear's growth which produces flowers and seeds. The plant then dies. Life cycle-two years." 1 '"Androecium - the collective namefor the stamens (a stamen is made up of anther and filament)." 1 '"An alkaline juice from the pancreas enters the duodenum. The juice contains trypsin (which changes proteins to peptides), amylase (which changes starch to maltose) and lipase (which changes fats to fatty acids and glycerol)." 1 '"Air consists of 21% oxygen, 78% nitrogen with small amounts of carbon dioxide, inert gases and industrial pollutants such as sulphur dioxide." 1 '"After entering a suitable cell, the nucleic acid of the virus takes over from the cell nucleusand changes the cytoplasm to newvirus material." 1 '"Aerobic respiration"''"C 1 '"About 100g of glycogen is storedin the liver. If the sugar levelin the blood falls, glycogen is changed to glucose and passed into the blood. If the sugar level rises, it is converted to glycogen and stored in the liver." 1 '"ANAPHASE: Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles, the centromeres leading." 1 '"ACHENE Indehiscent, one seeded,leathery pericarp e.g. ash." 1 '"A symbiont is an organism livingin association with another organism to the advantage of both organisms. (The organisms may be plants or animals)." 1 '"A conditioned reflex is a specific response developed through experience. The reflex may have no apparent logical association with the stimulus e.g. Pavlov's dog." 1 '"3, 5 and 7 refer to respiration.This occurs in all living cells at all times."'"It may be represented as follows:" 1 '"2-3 days after hatching dissolved oxygen passes through external gills and skin, and thetadpole feeds on pondweed." 1 '"1 they have cellulose cell walls"''"2 they have a branched body structure"''"3 they can move only by growth" 1 '"1 the brain"'"2 neurones"'"3 the spinal cord"'"4 synapses"'"5 muscle" 1 '"1 respiration"'"2 sweating"'"3 exercise"'"4 vasodilation"'"5 muscles in shivering" 1 '"1 respiration"'"2 nutrition and assimilation"'"3 excretion"'"4 reproduction"'"5 sensitivity or irritability"'"6 movement" 1 '"1 regulation of blood sugar"'"2 formation of bile"'"3 storage of iron"'"4 deamination"'"5 formation of plasma proteins"'"6 production of body heat"'"7 storage of vitamins A, D and B 1 '"1 femur","2 radius"'"3 tibia","4 fibula"'"5 ulna","6 tarsals"'"7 metatarsals","8 metacarpals"'"9 phalanges" 1 '"1 egg"'"2 pupa"'"3 imago"'"4 larva" 1 '"1 diastole"'"2 pulse"'"3 systole"'"4 rhythm" 1 '"1 carries oxygen to the embryo"'"2 provides warmth"'"3 carries carbon dioxide from the embryo"'"4 is a source of food"'"5 stores the excretory products of the embryo" 1 '"1 Wings have large surface area"'"2 Large, strong pectoral muscles"'"3 Deep extension from sternum for attachment of pectoral muscles"'"4 Rigid skeleton"'"5 Hollow bones" 1 '"1 Water","2 Potassium"'"3 Calcium","4 Iron"'"5 Magnesium","6 Phosphate"'"7 Nitrate" 1 '"1 Two kidneys"'"2 Ureter"'"3 Bladder"'"4 Urethra" 1 '"1 Transport medium"'"2 Formation of clots"'"3 Prevention of disease","4 Distribution of heat" 1 '"1 To support soft parts of the body"'"2 To provide anchorage for muscles"'"3 To protect delicate organs"'"4 To enable movement to occur" 1 '"1 Telophase"'"2 Metaphase"'"3 Prophase"'"4 Anaphase" 1 '"1 Runners"'"2 Rhizomes"'"3 Tubers"'"4 Corms"'"5 Bulbs" 1 '"1 Regulation of volume and composition of body fluids"'"2 Excretion of waste products"'"3 Maintenance of the body at a very slight alkalinity"'"4 Removal of toxins"'"5 Regulation of body temperature" 1 '"1 Regulation of body temperature"'"2 Secretion of sebum"'"3 Excretion of urea","4 Excretion of sweat"'"5 Protection of underlying tissue"'"6 Production of vitamin D" 1 '"1 Piliferous layer is permeable to water"'"2 No chloroplasts"'"3 Phloem, cambium and xylem in vascular bundles"'"4 Separate phloem and xylem"'"5 No mechanical tissue"'"6 Mechanical tissue present" 1 '"1 Physiological systems simplified"'"2 No special organs for movement"'"3 Body able to absorb pre- digested food all over surface"'"4 Thick cuticle to prevent digestion by host"'"5 Hermaphrodite"'"6 Numerous offspring produced" 1 '"1 Ovary"'"2 Testes"'"3 Vas deferens"'"4 Fallopian tubes"'"5 Urethra"'"6 Penis"'"7 Uterus" 1 '"1 No red corpuscles"'"2 Contains white cells, lymphocytes"'"3 Defends against infection"'"4 Flows in one direction only" 1 '"1 Message transmitted through motor fibre"'"2 Stimulus present"'"3 Effector organ responds"'"4 Message transmitted through sensory fibre"'"5 Message transmitted through relay or association neurone" 1 '"1 Low in oxygen"'"2 Low in dissolved food"'"3 More nitrogenous waste"'"4 More carbon dioxide" 1 '"1 Large particles"'"2 Small particles"'"3 Not porous"'"4 Poor drainage"'"5 Good drainage"'"6 Fertile"'"7 Infertile" 1 '"1 Its moist skin contains numerous blood vessels"'"2 Oxygen in air spaces in the soil dissolves in the moisture on the skin"'"3 Oxygen dissolved in the moisture diffuses into the blood in the capillaries" 1 '"1 Has a cellulose cell wall"'"2 No rigid wall"'"3 No centriole"'"4 Vacuole present"'"5 Stores starch"'"6 Stores glycogen and fat"'"7 Chloroplast present" 1 '"1 Feed on complex, organic compounds"'"2 Have no chlorophyll"'"3 Do not photosynthesise"'"4 Whole body moves"'"5 Compact body"'"6 Sensitive and respond quickly"'"7 No cellulose cell walls" 1 '"1 Cuticle layer impervious to water"'"2 Chloroplasts present"'"3 No chloroplasts"'"4 Phloem, cambium and xylem in vascular bundles"'"5 Mechanical tissue present"'"6 No mechanical tissue" 1 '"1 Contains more carbon dioxide"'"2 Contains more oxygen"'"3 Contains more water vapour"'"4 Contains less oxygen"'"5 Is warmer" 1 '"1 Carry oxygenated blood from the heart"'"2 Have thick muscular, elastic walls"'"3 Blood flows in spurts under pressure"'"4 No valves except at heart ends"'"5 Deep-seated" 1 '"1 Bright petals"'"2 Strong scent"'"3 Feathery stigmas"'"4 Sticky pollen"'"5 Large quantities of pollen"'"6 Nectar" 1 "ureter","Fallopian tube","Eustachian tube","bronchiole","thoracic duct" 1 "the formation of blood clots to seal wounds","the latent ability of the body to produce antibodies quickly after infection with a particular disease","a vitamin deficiency","acquired sensitivity to stimuli in the environment","the transmission of a parasite by a vector" 1 "starch","sugar","protein","vitamin C","fat" 1 "smaller, mobile with a food store","larger, immobile with a food store","larger, mobile without a food store","larger, mobile with a food store","larger, immobile without a food store" 1 "sharp tearing teeth","chisel-shaped cutting teeth","large grinding teeth","pointed flesh shearing teeth","large crushing teeth" 1 "pituitary gland","islets of Langerhans","thyroid","adrenal glands","pancreas" 1 "osmosis","diffusion","dilution","dialysis","osmo-regulation" 1 "myopia","hypermetropia","astigmatism","accommodation","stereoscopic vision" 1 "metatarsus","metamorphosis","metabolism","metacarpals","metatarsals" 1 "malformation of bone","nervous disorders","skin disorders","pernicious anaemia","simple goitre" 1 "lumbar structure","pelvic girdle","fore-limb of a vertebrate","pectoral girdle","hind-limb of a vertebrate" 1 "it ensures the heat generated during germination is not lost to the surroundings and can be measured","it speeds up the germination","it slows down the germination","it keeps out the light","its volume can be measured accurately" 1 "in the water","in the pectoral fin","in the female's body","in the roe","on the land" 1 "haemophiliac","holophytic","hermaphrodite","holozoic","heterozygous" 1 "gliding joint","ball and socket joint","hinge joint","rotating joint","fixed joint" 1 "gene","gamete","ganglion","glomerulus","gynaecium" 1 "falls","falls then rises","is unchanged","rises","rises then falls" 1 "enamel","dentine","pulp","root","cement" 1 "b","a","a","c","d","e","c","a","a","b","c","e","b","a","e","a","a","b","d","b","d","b","c","a","c","d","b","c","b","c","c","d","d","a","e" 1 "a ganglion","a synapse","an axon","a dendrite","a cell body" 1 "Which sequence represents the order in which the following occur in a reflex arc?" 1 "Which part of the eye controls the amount of light entering the eye?" 1 "Which of the following secretes a hormone that helps a person ina dangerous situation?" 1 "Which of the following refer to the way in which an earthworm obtains oxygen for respiration?" 1 "Which of the following refer to the internal structure of the stem of a plant?" 1 "Which of the following refer to the internal structure of the root of a plant?" 1 "Which of the following refer to photosynthesis?" 1 "Which of the following refer to clay soils?" 1 "Which of the following refer to blood in veins?" 1 "Which of the following refer to animals?" 1 "Which of the following refer to lymph?" 1 "Which of the following refer to arteries?" 1 "Which of the following organs isNOT used for excretion?" 1 "Which of the following must be present in a culture solution if a plant is to grow well?" 1 "Which of the following is NOT usually true of involuntary muscle?" 1 "Which of the following is NOT usually true of a reflex action?" 1 "Which of the following is NOT true of the way in which a mammal reproduces?" 1 "Which of the following is NOT true of germination?" 1 "Which of the following is NOT true of bacteria?" 1 "Which of the following is NOT regarded as part of a flower?" 1 "Which of the following form the main parts of the urinary systemof a mammal?" 1 "Which of the following are part of the reproductive system of a male mammal?" 1 "Which of the following are usually characteristic of insectpollinated flowers?" 1 "Which of the following are functions of the skin?" 1 "Which of the following are functions of the kidneys?" 1 "Which of the following are functions of the internal skeleton of a mammal?" 1 "Which of the following are functions of the blood?" 1 "Which of the following are characteristic of a plant cell?" 1 "Which of the following are adaptations that help a bird to fly?" 1 "Which of the following structures develop in vegetativereproduction?" 1 "Which of the following descriptions distinguishes a female gamete from a male gamete?"''"A female gamete is:" 1 "Which are functions of the root of a plant?" 1 "What is the sequence for the following changes in mitosis or cell division?" 1 "Water passes from the soil into the root hairs of a plant by:" 1 "Water is lost from a plant by:" 1 "Water enters a root hair by osmosis and passes from cell to cell until it reaches the xylem which carries it up to the stem." 1 "Types of joint are:"''"Ball and socket, e.g. hip joint."''"Hinge, e.g. knee joint."''"Condylar joint, e.g. wrist joint."''"Gliding, e.g. carpal and tarsal bones."''"Pivot, e.g. atlas on axis." 1 "To use this test as a mock examination the answers are displayed at the end of the testotherwise the answers appear after each question." 1 "This provides a firm, strong, flexible structure which can support the weight of the head, neck and trunk but gives free movement to the trunk." 1 "There are usually four gills on each side of a fish. Each consists of a bony gill-bar bearing many fine filaments which are well supplied with blood." 1 "The young stays with the mother","The young imitates the habits of its mother","c",5040 1 "The young of mammals are suckledwith milk at the mammary glands of the mother." 1 "The wheat grains are placed in athermos flask because:" 1 "The unit is the tube-like hypha consisting of cytoplasm and containing several nuclei: it isenclosed by a cellulose wall. It is coenocytic." 1 "The unit in a cell which determines the inherited characteristics of offspring is a:" 1 "The two cells which unite to form a fertilised egg are:" 1 "The tube leading from the middleear to the pharynx is the:" 1 "The testes produce sperm which pass along the vas deferens. The two vas deferens join to form the urethra which passes through the penis." 1 "The tapeworm lives in a constantenvironment surrounded by its food." 1 "The stem of a plant consists of cells containing chloroplasts for photosynthesis, with the phloem, cambium and xylem in vascular bundles." 1 "The small space between nerve ends across which a nerve impulse has to pass is:" 1 "The skin consists of two main layers, the:" 1 "The serum is injected into the patient." 1 "The sequence of the following stages in the life cycle of the house fly is:" 1 "The ripened ovary of the flower containing seed is a:" 1 "The retina is a layer of two types of light sensitive cells called rods and cones." 1 "The response of the growing region of a plant to an externalstimulus is:" 1 "The renal artery divides into many arterioles and capillaries.Each arteriole repeatedly divides, forming a knot of coiled vessels."''"This is the:" 1 "The renal artery brings oxygenated blood to the kidneys."''"The renal vein takes de-oxygenated blood to the vena cava." 1 "The percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere is:" 1 "The parts of a flower are:" 1 "The ova of a female fish are usually fertilised:" 1 "The number of chromosomes in each cell formed by mitosis (cell division) is equal to:" 1 "The number of chromosomes in each cell formed by meiosis is equal to:" 1 "The malarial parasite enters theblood when the mosquito bites a person." 1 "The maintenance of body temperature above that of the surroundings and at a constant level is:" 1 "The lungs excrete:" 1 "The lung of a mammal is a spongysac, composed of many tiny sacs with very thin walls rich in blood capillaries. These tiny sacs are called alveoli." 1 "The liver helps to maintain the concentration and composition of body fluids, especially blood."''"This is:" 1 "The ilium, pubis and ischium form the:" 1 "The glomerulus is almost entirely surrounded by Bowman's capsule." 1 "The functions of the brain are to:" 1 "The fore-brain receives impulsesfrom the nasal organs."''"The mid-brain receives impulses from the eyes."''"The hind brain receives impulsesfrom the ears, semicircular canals and skin." 1 "The following refer to inspired air and expired air. Which referto expired air?" 1 "The following changes occur in the life cycle of the frog afterhatching in the second week. Theorder in which they occur is:" 1 "The eye is a nearly spherical body with a three-layered wall: outer fibrous coat, vascular coat and the retina." 1 "The epidermis consists of:"''"The inner Malpighian layer whichdivides actively to form new epidermis." 1 "The enzyme pepsin converts proteins to peptides in the:" 1 "The elbow joint is a:" 1 "The disease transmitted by the female mosquito, Anopheles, is:" 1 "The direction of the response depends on the direction of the stimulus." 1 "The condition in which distant objects can be seen clearly but near objects cannot is:" 1 "The changing of nitrogen in the air into compounds that can be used by plants to synthesise proteins is:" 1 "The changes from tadpole to frogare described as:" 1 "The centre of a tooth containingsoft connective tissue, blood capillaries and nerve endings is:" 1 "The central nervous system consists of:" 1 "The bones found in the hind limbof a vertebrate are:" 1 "The biology revision and test tape is arranged as ten separately loadable programmes. The first of these programmes (which you are running now) gives all the details relevantto the tape." 1 "The bacteria manufacture nitrogen compounds from nitrogenin the air, which are made available to the plants."'"In return, the bacteria obtain carbohydrates and other food materials from the plants." 1 "The adjacent surfaces of the bones in the joint are covered by articular cartilages and lubricated by synovial fluid secreted by the synovial membrane." 1 "The Eye"'"The Ear"'"Reproduction"'"Life Cycle of Frog"'"Bacteria and Viruses"'"Serum and Vaccine"'"Transmission of Disease" 1 "The phases of the"'"heart-beat are:" 1 "The liver is a large, reddish-brown organ lying below the diaphragm and just touching the stomach. It receives all theblood supply from the alimentarycanal via the hepatic portal vein." 1 "The bones in the middle earare the:"''"1 malleus"'"2 cochlea"'"3 incus"'"4 stapes" 1 "Text by E.J. Perkins,B.Sc.(Hons)M.Ed.(Wales),F.B.I.M." 1 "Tests","BIOLOGY",35 1 "THE SPINAL CORD: is a mass of nerve cells running from the brain to the tail and protected by the bone of the spinal column." 1 "Sucrase (which changes sucrose to glucose and fructose)."'"Lactase (which changes lactose to glucose and galactose)." 1 "Spirogyra feeds by:" 1 "Spirogyra is a green, thread-like multicellular plant,each cell living as an independent physiological unit." 1 "Sound vibrations are transmittedfrom the ear drum, through the ossicles of the middle ear so that the stapes vibrates againstthe oval window." 1 "Soil"'"Nitrogen Cycle"'"Root and Stem of a Plant"'"Transpiration"'"Photosynthesis" 1 "Skeleton"'"Muscle"'"Central Nervous System"'"Reflex Action"'"Hormones" 1 "Side two contains ""section 5"",""section 6"", ""section 7"", ""section 8"" and ""tests""." 1 "Section 8","tests",8 1 "Section 7","section 8",7 1 "Section 6","section 7",10 1 "Section 5","section 6",9 1 "Section 4","section 5",7 1 "Section 3","section 4",10 1 "Section 2","section 3",9 1 "Section 1","section 2",10 1 "Sandy soil: Large particles easily separated, porous, large air spaces, good drainage, infertile, light, warm, dry." 1 "Right ventricle contracts, bloodis pumped into the pulmonary arteries to the lungs." 1 "Pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood to heart." 1 "Protoplasm is the colourless, transparent, living material of organisms." 1 "Programme by M.G. Fincher, B.Sc (Hons) Elec. Eng." 1 "Plants:"''"Feed on simple inorganic substances."''"Have chlorophyll."''"Photosynthesise."''"Fixed but move parts of body."''"Branched body."''"Less sensitive and respond slowly."''"Have cellulose cell wall." 1 "Photosynthesis may be represented by:" 1 "Peptides are changed by the enzyme peptidase to amino acids in the:" 1 "Oxygen in the air spaces of the soil dissolves into the moist mucus covering the skin of the earthworm, and then through the skin into the rich supply of blood vessels which it contains." 1 "On side one of the tapethe programmes ""directions"",""section 1"", ""section 2"", ""section 3"" and ""section 4"" are recorded." 1 "O","AB","A","B","neither A nor B" 1 "Not all bacteria are harmful."''"Bacteria are used to make cheese and wine."''"Saprophytic bacteria live on dead organic material." 1 "Muscle may be:"''"Plain or involuntary as in the gut."''"Striped in skeletal or voluntaryas in biceps."''"Heart muscle." 1 "Many digestive processes are controlled by enzymes"'"e.g. ptyalin in saliva catalysesthe conversion of cooked starch to maltose." 1 "Lymph acts as an intermediary between tissue cells and blood for the exchange of oxygen, foodand waste products." 1 "Lungs","Kidneys","Skin","Spleen","Liver" 1 "Left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped into the aorta leadingto all parts of the body." 1 "Iron from the breakup of millions of red cells every day,is stored in the liver." 1 "Incisor teeth in man are:" 1 "In the joints in the vertebral column:" 1 "In the eye the image is formed on:" 1 "In pollination, pollen is transferred from the anther to the:" 1 "In land dwelling animals, a rigid skeleton support raises the body from the ground." 1 "In air a fish suffocates although there is plenty of oxygen available." 1 "In a fertilised bird's egg, the allantois:" 1 "If the selected answer is wrong the sample answer is displayedautomatically." 1 "INSECT-POLLINATED FLOWERS usually have stamens with short,stiff filaments and small stigmas." 1 "How is the tapeworm adapted for parasitism?" 1 "Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body." 1 "Heat loss is increased:"''"By the sweat glands producing more sweat which absorbs heat as it evaporates." 1 "Heat is generated by:" 1 "HOLOZOIC NUTRITION:"''"Complex food material broken down by digestion in animals." 1 "Glands in the ileum lining between the villi secrete the digestive juice, succus entericus." 1 "Germination"'"Tropisms"'"Structure of Flower"'"Pollination"'"Fruits" 1 "Gastric juice is secreted by glands in the stomach lining."''"This contains pepsin and also rennin which clots soluble protein in milk ( important for young children )." 1 "Gaseous exchange between inspired air and the blood occurs in:" 1 "Fungi are considered to be plants because:" 1 "Functions of the liver include:" 1 "Food may also be stored in the root."''"2, 4 and 5 are functions of the stem of a plant." 1 "Following the selection of the correct answer you can move to the next question by pressing SPACE, or run the sample answer by pressing ENTER." 1 "Fluid filters out through the capillary walls and collects in the Bowman's capsule." 1 "Fertilisation, the union of ovumand spermatazoon, occurs in the Fallopian tube or oviduct." 1 "Fats are emulsified by bile in the:" 1 "Fat-soluble vitamins A and D arestored in the liver and also a product of B 1 "FALSE FRUIT is formed by the development of the ovary and other parts of the flower such as the receptacle."'"e.g. strawberry" 1 "Excretion From Lungs"'"Urinary System"'"The Skin"'"Body Temperature" 1 "Errors can be erased by pressingDELETE (caps shift and 0).": 1 "Enzymes"'"Digestion in Man"'"Forms of Nutrition"'"Food Chains"'"The Liver" 1 "Each question contains five possible answers. To select the correct answer press a,b,c,d or e(as appropriate) then ENTER." 1 "Each programme can be loaded independently in the normal wayby loading the programme names given above." 1 "EPIGEAL GERMINATION"''"Cotyledons appear above the ground during germination and become the first simple leaves e.g. sunflower." 1 "During the first two weeks, dissolved oxygen diffuses into the egg and the embryo feeds on the egg yolk." 1 "During cell division the nucleusenlarges and chromosomes become visible." 1 "Do you wish to use this test as a mock examination? "''; 1 "Diastole is the phase of the heart-beat when the heart muscles relax and the heart is refilled with blood." 1 "DRUPE Three layered pericarp. One seed in a stone, e.g. plum." 1 "DEOXYGENATED BLOOD from the bodycollects in the right auricle."'"Right auricle contracts, blood passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle." 1 "Contains nitrogenous compounds and also improves water holding properties of soil." 1 "Consider your hand unexpectedly touching a hot object." 1 "Compounds containing nitrogen are added to the soil by:" 1 "Clear lime water exposed to the air becomes cloudy."''"This shows the presence of:" 1 "Characteristics of Living Things"'"The Cell"'"Mitosis"'"Animals and Plants"'"Amoeba"'"Spirogyra"'"Fungi" 1 "By the dilation of the skin blood vessels." 1 "Bones in the fore limb of a vertebrate:"''"Humerus"'"Radius and Ulna"'"Carpals"'"Metacarpals"'"Phalanges" 1 "Blood platelets and chemicals produced by damaged tissue form clots which close wounds." 1 "Blood carries:"''"Dissolved oxygen from the lungs to the tissues for respiration."''"Carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs." 1 "Blood brought to the lungs by the pulmonary artery is low in oxygen." 1 "Blood arriving at the heart fromall parts of the body (except the lungs) passes through the heart twice before being returned to the general circulation of the body."''"This is called:" 1 "Blood plasma from which fibrinogen has been removed and sometimes containing antibodies to combat a disease is:" 1 "Bile from the gall bladder enters the duodenum." 1 "BIOLOGY","section 1" 1 "At the end of each programme press ""n"" to load the next programme, press ""r"" to rerun the same programme or press ""b"" to goto BASIC." 1 "At all points in the programmes where a user response is needed you will be prompted with the appropriate options. Therefore, it is NOT necessary to memorise these instructions." 1 "As the filtrate passes through the renal tubule, all amino acids and glucose, much of the water, 1 "As de-oxygenated blood passes through the thin walled alveoli,oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out." 1 "An index of the programmes is given on the next display page. Operating instructions follow the programme index." 1 "An example of a food chain is:"'''" grass 1 "An endocrine gland below the fore-brain secreting hormones, some of which control the actions of other endocrine glands is the:" 1 "An animal which has both male and female organs is a:" 1 "An animal cell:"''"Has no rigid wall."'"No cellulose."'"Centriole present."'"Vacuoles, if present, are small and temporary."'"Stores glycogen and fat."'"No chloroplasts."'"Cell membrane forms the boundaryof the cell and encloses the protoplasm." 1 "Amoeba reproduces by:" 1 "Amoeba reproduces asexually, dividing by binary fission to form two daughter cells." 1 "Amoeba obtains oxygen for respiration by:" 1 "Amoeba obtains oxygen for respiration by the oxygen diffusing through the cell membrane into the protoplasm."''"Waste carbon dioxide diffuses out through the cell membrane." 1 "Amoeba moves by:" 1 "Amoeba is a unicellular unit of protoplasm."'"This is differentiated into outer clear plasmagel (ectoplasm) and inner granular plasmasol (endoplasm) containingthe nucleus." 1 "All children will have brown eyes","All children will have blue eyes","Half of the children will have blue eyes","A quarter of the children will have blue eyes","A quarter of the children will have brown eyes" 1 "Air"'"Respiration"'"Blood"'"Blood Circulation"'"Arteries and Veins"'"Lymph" 1 "After pollination, a pollen tubefrom a pollen grain penetrates the stigma and style into the ovary, finally passing through the micropyle of the ovule." 1 "After a sample answer display press SPACE for the next question or ENTER to rerun the same question." 1 "Additionally, at the end of eachprogramme, the next programme on the index can be loaded automatically if required." 1 "Acquired immunity is:" 1 "ANNUAL PLANTS survive the winteras seeds. Life cycle-one year." 1 "A unit of protoplasm containing a nucleus and surrounded by a membrane is a:" 1 "A thermos flask is filled with moist, germinating wheat grains and a thermometer inserted into the grains."''"The temperature:" 1 "A succulent, many seeded fruit in which the pericarp consists of an outer thin skin, a fleshy mesocarp and inner membranous endocarp is:" 1 "A structure in which two separate bones meet and where movement may occur is a:" 1 "A series of plants and organismsin which each is dependent on the previous member for food is:" 1 "A saprophyte is an organism which obtains its nutrients, in the form of organic matter, in solution from dead or decaying tissues of animals or plants." 1 "A sample of food is treated withsodium hydroxide solution and dilute copper(ii) sulphate solution. A violet colour indicates:" 1 "A root hair is an extension of the epidermis of the piliferous layer. Water forms a film arounda root hair and passes through the semi-permeable protoplasmic lining into the cell by osmosis." 1 "A plant which persists from yearto year is:" 1 "A plant or animal may obtain itsfood at the expense of another organism or host which may not be killed but always suffers."''"This nutrition is:" 1 "A person with group A blood can receive blood:" 1 "A parasite is an organism livingon or in another organism from which it obtains food. The host may not be killed but suffers harm." 1 "A nucleus is suspended in each cell by strands of cytoplasm, and spaces in the cell are vacuoles containing cell sap." 1 "A hormone is a chemical producedby an endocrine gland and released directly into the circulation. It controls the rate of various body activities." 1 "A fish obtains oxygen for respiration from water when the water:" 1 "A deficiency of vitamin B 1 "A constant body temperature means that the rate of metabolism is independent of thetemperature of the surroundings." 1 "A brown-eyed man (with a blue-eyed father) marries a blue eyed woman. Statistically, the prediction for the colour ofthe eyes of their children is:" 1 "A blood sample formed clots withanti-A serum but not with anti-B serum."''"Blood group of sample is:" 1 "A and O","B and O","O only","all groups","neither A nor B" 1 "A chemical made in the protoplasm of cells which speedsup the rate of certain chemical reactions is:" 1 "5%","15%","20%","25%","75%" 1 "4 co-ordinate activities so that the response is efficient"'"5 store information so behaviour can be modified by experience" 1 "3 months after hatching, the young frog leaves the water, obtains atmospheric oxygen through its skin and the mucus membrane of its mouth and lungs." 1 "21%","72%","10%","15%","25%" 1 "20g dry soil are strongly heatedto constant weight and cooled ina desiccator."''"It then weighs 15g."''"Percentage humus in the originalsoil is:" 1 "20 Sample Questions." 1 "2, 5, 4, 1, 3.","2, 1, 5, 4, 3.","2, 3, 4, 1, 5.","2, 4, 5, 1, 3.","2, 4, 1, 5, 3." 1 "2 and 4 only","1 and 3 only","1, 2 and 3 only","1, 3 and 5 only","all of them" 1 "1, 4, 2 then 3","1, 2, 4 then 3","1, 3, 2 then 4","1, 2, 3 then 4","1, 3, 4 then 2" 1 "1, 2 and 3 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only","1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 only","all of them" 1 "1 receive nerve impulses from sensory organs"'"2 send off motor impulses to effector organs"'"3 correlate stimuli from different organs" 1 "1 only","1 and 2 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","1, 2 and 3 only","all of them" 1 "1 only","1 and 2 only","1, 2 and 3 only","1, 2, 3 and 4 only","all of them" 1 "1 and 3 only","3 and 5 only","1, 3 and 5 only","1, 3, 4 and 5 only","all of them" 1 "1 and 2 only","2 and 3 only","1 and 4 only","1, 2, 3 and 5 only","1, 3, 4 and 5 only" 1 "1 To hold plant firmly in ground"'"2 To conduct water, salts and food throughout the plant"'"3 To absorb water and mineral salts from the soil","4 To hold leaves and flowers in the light"'"5 Support of leaves and flowers"'"6 To conduct water and mineral salts to stem" 1 "1 Operculum begins to grow"'"2 Mouth and external gills start to function"'"3 Absorbs tail, casts skin and leaves the water"'"4 Makes frequent visits to the surface as lungs develop"'"5 Operculum formed, limbs form" 1 "1 Chlorophyll needed"'"2 Oxygen evolved, carbon dioxide absorbed"'"3 Carbon dioxide evolved, oxygen absorbed"'"4 Carbohydrates built up"'"5 Carbohydrates broken down"'"6 Gain in weight"'"7 Loss of weight"'"8 Light needed" 1 "',"chlorophyll"''" C 1 tubules." 1 needed for the production of red cells in the bone marrow." 1 EXAMINATION PRACTICE"; 1 CELTIC REVISION SOFTWARE " 1 is converted to urea which is eliminated by the kidneys." 1 causes:" 1 6CO 1 CaCO 1 2C